1. Give an example of social construction of gender.
☐ The social construction of gender comes out of the general school of thought entitled social constructionism. Social constructionism proposes that everything people 'know' or see as 'reality' is partially, if not entirely, socially situated. To say that something is socially constructed does not mitigate the power of the concept. Take, for example, money. Money is a socially constructed reality. Paper bills are worth nothing independent of the value individuals ascribe to them. The dollar is only worth as much as value as Americans are willing to ascribe to it.
2. What are the Patriarchal Family and Matriarchal Family?
☐ A Patriarchal family is a family in which the father is considered head of household, and A Matriarchal family is a family in which the mother is considered head of household.
3. Mention any two roles of Family to reduce problems in relation to gender biasness.
☐ Two roles of Family to reduce problems in relation to gender biasness are as follows: (a) Behave your children without gender discrimination. (b) Try to understand the problems of your children without gender discrimination.
4. What is meant by Gender Equity?
☐ Gender Equity is the process of being fair to women and men. Sometimes this involves measures to redress historical disadvantages that have prevented men and women from having equal access to rights and privileges. Equity leads to equality. Gender equity also implies that health needs, which are specific to each gender, receive appropriate resources.
5. What is Gender Normative Behaviour?
☐ Gender Normative Behaviour is the behaviour of adhering to or reinforcing ideal standards of masculinity or femininity.
6. Mention two differences between Transgender and Transsexual.
☐ The word 'transgender' is an umbrella term that describes those who have a gender that's different from the sex assigned at birth: male, female, or intersex. But, 'Transsexual' is a more specific term that fits under the transgender umbrella. This word can be contentious and shouldn't be used unless someone specifically asks to be referred to this way.
7. What is Gender Normative Behaviour?
☐ Gender Normative Behaviour is the behaviour of adhering to or reinforcing ideal standards of masculinity or femininity.
8. Mention two differences between Transgender and Transsexual.
☐ The word 'transgender' is an umbrella term that describes those who have a gender that's different from the sex assigned at birth: male, female, or intersex. But, 'Transsexual' is a more specific term that fits under the transgender umbrella. This word can be contentious and shouldn't be used unless someone specifically asks to be referred to this way.
9. What is Third Gender?
☐ Third gender is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves or by society, as neither man nor woman. It is also a social category present in societies that recognize three or more genders. The term third is usually understood to mean 'other'; some anthropologists and sociologists have described fourth, fifth and 'some' genders.
10. What is meant by the word 'Sex'?
☐ Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women. It is defined as the anatomical and physiological characteristics that signify the biological maleness and femaleness of an individual.
11. What is gender disphoria?
☐ Gender dysphoria involves a conflict between a person's physical or assigned gender and the gender with which he/she/they identify. People with gender dysphoria may be very uncomfortable with the gender they were assigned, sometimes described as being uncomfortable with their body (particularly developments during puberty) or being uncomfortable with the expected roles of their assigned gender.
12. What is Masculinity?
☐ Masculinity is a set of attributes, behaviours, and roles associated with boys and men. As a social construct, it is distinct from the definition of the male biological sex. Standards of manliness or masculinity vary across different cultures and historical periods. Both males and females can exhibit masculine traits and behaviour.
13. What is Femininity?
☐ Femininity is a set of attributes, behaviours, and roles generally associated with girls and women. Femininity is partially socially constructed, being made up of both socially-defined and biologically-created factors. This makes it distinct from the definition of the biological female sex, as both males and females can exhibit feminine traits.
14. What is Ethnicity?
☐ The term ethnicity has been defined in broader sense to signify self-consciousness of a group of people united or closely related by shared experience such as language, religious belief. common heritage etc. While race usually denotes the attributes of a group, ethnic identity signifies creative response of a group who consider themselves marginalized in society. The identity of a group is defined vis-a-vis another community and how this identity becomes psychologically and socially important for a member or members of a community.
15. Define Gender.
☐ Gender refers to the roles and responsibilities of men and women that are created in our families, our societies and our cultures. Gender roles and expectations are learned. They can change over time and they vary within and between cultures. Systems of social differentiation such as political status, class, ethnicity, physical and mental disability, age and more, modify gender roles. The concept of gender is vital because it uncovers how women's subordination is socially constructed.
16. Who are Transgender?
☐ According to American Psychological Association, Transgender is an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behaviour does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth. After birth, there are numerous other social, familial and experiential influences that further shape gender identity. Transgender is both male-to-female (MtF) and female-to-male (FtM) gender transgression. In its broadest sense, transgender encompasses anyone whose identity or behaviour falls outside of stereotypical gender norms.
B.ed Notes Gender School and Society- Mark-2 Click Here
- Mark-5 Click Here
- Mark-10 Click Here
17. Mention two causes of gender discrimination.
☐ Two causes of gender discrimination are as follows: (a) Poverty: In India of the total 30 percent people who are below poverty line, 70 percent are women. Women's poverty in India is directly related to the absence of economic opportunities and autonomy, lack of access to economic resources including credit, land ownership and inheritance, lack of access to education and support services and their minimal participation in the decision-making process. (b) Illiteracy: Despite the notable efforts by the countries around the globe that have expanded for the basic education, there are approximately 960 million illiterate adults of whom two thirds are women. Educational backwardness of the girls has been the resultant cause of gender discrimination.
18. What is Gender Stereotype?
☐ A gender stereotype is a generalized view or preconception about attributes or characteristics, or the roles that are or ought to be possessed by, or performed by, women and men.
19. What is meant by Gender bias?
☐ Gender bias is a preference or prejudice toward one gender over the other. Bias can be conscious or unconscious, and may manifest in many ways, both subtle and obvious. In many countries, eliminating such preferences is the basis of many laws, including those that govern workplaces, family courts, and even the voting booth. Despite these efforts, many legal and political scholars argue that total gender parity remains a far off goal, one which many regions are not remotely close to reaching.
